12th Chemistry - 1st Mid Term Study Guide

12th Chemistry - Important Questions

First Mid-Term Test Preparation Guide

Chapter: Metallurgy

1. What is the difference between minerals and ores?
2. What are the various steps involved in extraction of pure metal from their ores?
3. What is the role of quicklime in the extraction of iron from its oxide?
4. Which type of ores can be concentrated by froth floatation method? Give two examples for such ores.
5. Describe a method for refining nickel.
6. Explain zone refining process with an example. 5 Marks
7. Give the uses of zinc.
8. Explain the electrometallurgy of aluminium. 5 Marks
9. Explain the following terms with suitable examples: (i) Gangue (ii) Slag
10. Give the basic requirement for vapour phase refining.
11. Describe the role of the following in the process mentioned: (i) Silica in the extraction of copper.
(ii) Cryolite in the extraction of aluminium.
(iii) Iodine in the refining of Zirconium.
(iv) Sodium cyanide in froth floatation.
12. Explain the principle of electrolytic refining with an example. 5 Marks
13. Give the limitations of Ellingham diagram.
14. What is gravity separation?
15. What is froth floatation? 5 Marks
16. What is cyanide leaching and cementation?
17. What is alkali leaching?
18. What is acid leaching?
19. What is magnetic separation? 5 Marks
20. What is roasting with examples?
21. Explain calcination with examples?
22. Explain autoreduction.
23. Explain liquation.
24. Explain van Arkel method.
25. Review all uses of metals covered in this chapter.

1. Write a short note on anomalous properties of the first element of p-block.
2. Describe briefly allotropism in p-block elements with specific reference to carbon.
3. Give the uses of Borax.
4. What is catenation? Describe briefly the catenation property of carbon.
5. Write a note on Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
6. Give the structure of CO and CO₂.
7. Describe the structure of diborane. 5 Marks
8. Write a short note on hydroboration.
9. Give one example for each of the following: (i) icosagens (ii) tetragens (iii) pnictogens (iv) chalcogens
10. Write a note on metallic nature of p-block elements.
11. How will you identify borate radical?
12. Write a note on zeolites. 5 Marks
13. How will you convert boric acid to boron nitride?
14. CO is a reducing agent. Justify with an example.
15. What is inert pair effect?
16. What are the uses of boric acid, borax, alum, boron, and silicones?
17. What is inorganic benzene? Explain its preparation.
18. Explain McAfee process.
19. Explain the preparation of alum.
20. Differentiate between Diamond and Graphite.
21. Explain properties of silicones.
22. What are silicates?

1. What is inert pair effect?
2. Chalcogens belong to p-block. Give reason.
3. Explain why fluorine always exhibits an oxidation state of -1.
4. Give the oxidation state of halogen in the following: a) OF₂ b) O₂F₂ c) Cl₂O₃ d) I₂O₄
5. What are interhalogen compounds? Give examples.
6. Why fluorine is more reactive than other halogens?
7. Give the uses of helium.
8. What is the hybridisation of iodine in IF₇? Give its structure.
9. Give the balanced equation for the reaction of chlorine with cold NaOH and hot NaOH.
10. How will you prepare chlorine in the laboratory?
11. Give the uses of sulphuric acid.
12. Give a reason to support that sulphuric acid is a dehydrating agent.
13. Write the reason for the anomalous behaviour of Nitrogen.
14. Give the uses of argon.
15. What happens when PCl₅ is heated?
16. What type of hybridisation occurs in: a) BrF₅ b) BrF₃
17. Explain the structure of ammonia.
18. Differentiate between White and Red phosphorous.
19. Explain Deacon's process.
20. Explain Holmes signal.
21. Explain the properties of interhalogen compounds. 5 Marks
22. Explain the bleaching action and oxidizing action of chlorine.
23. Explain the bleaching action of sulphur dioxide.
24. Explain the preparation of bleaching powder.

1. Define unit cell.
2. Give any three characteristics of ionic crystals.
3. Differentiate crystalline solids and amorphous solids. 5 Marks
4. Classify the following solids: a. P₄ b. Brass c. diamond d. NaCl e. Iodine
5. Explain briefly seven types of unit cell.
6. Distinguish between hexagonal close packing and cubic close packing.
7. Distinguish tetrahedral and octahedral voids.
8. What are point defects?
9. Explain Schottky defect.
10. Write short note on metal excess and metal deficiency defect with an example. 5 Marks
11. Calculate the number of atoms in a fcc unit cell.
12. Why ionic crystals are hard and brittle?
13. Calculate the percentage efficiency of packing in case of SC, BCC, FCC. Individual 5 Mark Questions
14. What is meant by the term "coordination number"? What is the coordination number of atoms in a bcc structure?
15. Write a note on Frenkel defect.
16. What are covalent solids?
17. What are properties of ionic solids?
18. Differentiate between primitive and non-primitive unit cell.
19. What are metallic solids?
20. Explain molecular solids.
21. What is Bragg's equation?
22. Explain how to calculate the density of a unit cell.
23. Explain point defects and its classification.

Important Problems to Practice: Example - 1 & Exercise Problems.

1. Define average rate and instantaneous rate.
2. Define rate law and rate constant.
3. Derive integrated rate law for a zero order reaction. 5 Marks
4. Derive integrated rate law for a first order reaction. 5 Marks
5. Define half life of a reaction. Show that for a first order reaction half life is independent of initial concentration.
6. Differentiate between Order and Molecularity.
7. Differentiate between Rate and Rate constant.
8. What is an elementary reaction? Give the differences between order and molecularity of a reaction.
9. Explain the rate determining step with an example.
10. Write the rate law for the following reactions: (a) A reaction that is 3/2 order in x and zero order in y.
(b) A reaction that is second order in NO and first order in Br₂
11. Explain the effect of catalyst on reaction rate with an example.
12. Write Arrhenius equation and explain the terms involved.
13. Give two examples for zero order Reaction.
14. Give two examples for first order Reaction.
15. Explain pseudo first order reaction with an example.
16. How does the concentration of the reactant influence the rate of reaction?
17. How does the nature of the reactant influence the rate of reaction?
18. Derive half life of zero order reaction.

Important Problems to Practice: Example - 6 & Exercise Problems: 10, 11, 12, 15, 18, 19, 23, 30.

1. Preparation of glycol.
2. Preparation of glycerol.
3. Explain the preparation of acrolein.
4. Explain the preparation of TNG.
5. Explain the preparation of picric acid.
6. Explain Lucas test. 5 Marks
7. Explain Victor Meyer test. 5 Marks
8. Explain coupling reaction of phenol.
9. Uses of glycerol, anisole, and diethyl ether.
10. All naming reactions - Dow's process, Kolbe's reaction, Reimer-Tiemann reaction, etc.
11. Explain the preparation of phenolphthalein.
12. Auto oxidation of ether.
13. Explain the test for phenol and alcohol.
14. Explain the preparation of ether by dehydration.

Book Back References: 1, 3, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23

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